Reenforced and anchored masonry structure



Feb. 7, 1933. A. COYNE REENFORCED AND ANCHORED MASONRY STRUCTURE FiledApril 18, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 7, 1933. -A. COYNE REENFORCED ANDANCHORED MASONRY STRUCTURE Filed April 18, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 7,1933. A, CO YNE 1,896,8

REENFORCED AND ANCHORED MASONRY STRUCTURE I Filed April 18, 1930 6Sheets-Sheet 4 Feb. 7, 1933. coY 7 1,896,810

REENFORCED AND ANCHORED MASONRY STRUCTURE Filed April 18, 1930 6Sheets-Sheet 5 Feb. 7, 1933. A. COYNE 1,896,810

REENFORCED AND ANCHORED MASNRY STRUCTURE Filed April 18, 1950 6Sheets-Sheet 6 Z a I 17 141? Cay/7e Patented Feb. 7, 1933 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE ANDRE. COYNE, OF PARIS, FRANCE nnnnroncnn AND AnononnnMASONRY s'rrworonn Application filed. April 18,1930, Serial No. 445,297,and in Morocco April 24, 1 929,

to methods for constructing the same.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide an anchored orre-enforced masonry structure (concrete, cement or the like)" in whichthe re-enforcing or anchoring elements are imbedded in the masonry undertension. Another object is to provide novel methods for constructinganchored masonry.

F urther objects will appear in the course of the detailed descriptionnow to be given with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which:

Figs. 1 to 4 are sections through dams illus trating four differentforms of anchorage for the latter;

Fig. 5 shows, diagrammatically, a first method of anchoring the distalextremity of a reenforcing element; i i

Fig. 6 represents a second method of anchoring; i Y I Fig. 7 illustratesa third method of sinking an anchor;

Fig. 8 shows how the re-enforcingor anchoring elements may be placedunder tenslon' F fg. 9 is a plan of the assembly shown in Fig. 8";

Fig. lO is a skeleton diagram of amasonry structure provided withanchoring elements under tension;

to a dry-dock;

Fig. 12 shows a dam constructed-in accordplan, still another form ofdam;

Fig. 17 shows how the anchoring elements should be applied in bridgeconstruction;

0 tion, of a curvilinear dam Fig. 19 is a plan-of the dam shown in Fig.18; V

Fig. 20 shows the invention applied to a 5 sustaining wall; and

Fig.- 11 illustrates the invention applied Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate inelevation and Fig. 18 is 'an elevation, partially in sec 1 4) a pair ofrods (Fig, 6) are moved 0 Figs. 21 and 22 represent variants of the Vanchoring methods illustrated Figs. 5 w

Fig 23shows still another variant ofthe anchoring methods illustrated inFigs. 5 to 7; r v

Fig. 24 represents a method for anchoring a supporting structure on asloping foundation such as a mountain side; Fig. 25 shows the inventionapplied to the anchoring of a foundation in slipping ground; I i v 1Referring to the various figures of the drawings, there is shown'amasonry orcon crete wall, damorthe likea constructed in the usual wayand having openings 0' formed therethrough,a rod orrods b anchored at 6d and maintained under tension by being ('1) submitted to the tractiveeflort of hydraulic jacks c (Fig. 8), the free extremities or rods 6being embedded in are-enforced concrete block m receiving the thrust ofthe jacks and then (2) sealed under tension byv pouring a-i very. liquidcement mixture into the spac'e'between rods 6 and the walls of openings0 and awaiting the setting of the cement miXture-, and elements mcapping the free' extremities of rods 6. r V Rods b may be made up inthe form of round bars, tubes, or better still,'of bundles of steel wireor piano cords. The rods, tubes; or wires maybe plated, coated, orotherwise treated to diminish their corrodibility or may be composed ofa diliicultly o-Xidizable or corrodible metal or alloy. Bundles ofThomas steel wire having an elastic limit of 80 kgs, rupturing under aload of 110 kgs,

and having an elongation of 7% are found toportion or the whole of theconcrete body a may be poured and rods 6 prepared for an choring in anyof the following Ways A chamber f is first formed at thebase of anyopening a by means of (a) an excentrically rotating drill, (b) atrepanning tool of any kind a) a water-jet under high pres sure or (d)an acid or other chemical sub 7 stance; a solid bar is thenintroduced(Figs.

downward so as to straddle a wedgeprevielement 7) are then embedded inre-enforced ously lowered into chamber 7 (wedge i may be placed inposition before the pouring of mass a), or (Fig. 5) a bundle of wires darefitted with a collapsible steel ring 9 passing through a pair ofloops h, h, ring 9' acting tospread wires (P as soon as the wire bundleenters chamber f, or (Fig. 7) a bundle of wires d are ligatured at i andi so that, when compressed, a fusiform body j is formed, filling part ofchamber flatube is being placed inside the bundle to insure introductionof cement both inside and outside j; a liquid mixture of'oement is-theiipoured into chamber f via the interstice between and the walls of 0(Figs. l'toj6) or through'tube 70 (Fig.7) and allowed to harden; the.free extremity or extremities of concrete block m (by pouring into a boxof appropriate form) finally, jacks e are brought to bear against thebottom of the block m and, while elements 6 are still under tension, acement mixture is poured into the space betweenb and the walls a whiletapping on rod 6 with apneumatic hammer to insure descent of the cement.Once the cement has hardened, rods 6 thus anchored under tension may becapped with elements. m and exert a pull on mass a permitting the latterto re sist the strains and fatigue to which it may be subjected. 7 i

It is notabsolutely necessary to forinan enlarged chamber f. Rods Z2 maybe anchored at one end in an opening 0 continuous, with a chamber f oflike section or rod Z) containing a centraltube is may be embedded in acement cylinder'y' and the latter may be anchored by pouring cementthrough tubes ,5

. (Fig. 21

Obviously, rods 6 need not traverse the whole of mass at. The lattermay, for exam-- ple, be poured to a certain height, then after thesealing of one rod Z) under tension (Fig.

2) its, height may be extended and a second rod .bmay be sealed thereinunder tension in the manner already described.

The manner in which rods 5 are POSlblOllQCl will, of course,-vary withthe nature and direction of the load. Thus, in dry docks (Fig. 11) andcertain forms of dams or re taining walls (Figs. land 2), rods b may beembedded vertically. In other types of dams and in bridges (Figs. 3, 10,12, and 14 to 20), the rods may be positioned in inclined position totake care of end-thrust,

(see particularly the bridge structure in Fig. 17) or both verticallyand inclined to'neutralize the various components of the load acting onthe masonry structure.

Naturally, structure a may instead of homogeneous. Thus, rocks andballast of various kinds may be placed near 'theibase of the latterprior to pouring so as to modify the equilibrium of the masswithoutchanging its exterior form.

be composite Obviously, the methods of anchoringrods b may be varied atwill. Whatever be the method employed, the anchored end should be fixedsufiiciently firmly to'permit proper traction to be exerted on the rods.

The method of anchoring shown in Fig, 22 is especially designed" for'use'in sand, clay or other argilaceous ifOllI lddtlOnS inwhichanchoring by ordinary methods is difa ficult or impossible. Here, a hole0 is bored in the usual way i. e. withthe apparatus in current-use foroil or artesian wells and, when the drill arrives'at a moderate depth, acharge of dynamite, or other. explosive is exploded toform a chamber '0A liquid cement mixture is then poured through bore 0 to fill chamber 0Once the. cement in chamber 0 has hardened,.the drill ng operation isrestarted and a bore a? is sunk through 0 to a lower level. Here, asecond charge'of dyna.

mite, is exploded, and chamber 0 thus formed is filled with cement inthe samemanner as chamber 0 e t I 7 Finally a pair of chambers f aredrilled, trepanned or otherwise formed in 0 and 0 as described for themethods shown inFigs.

5 to'7 and the distal ends of'rod b are then expanded and anchored inlowerchamber 7' by any one of the methods already described. If desired,rods 6 may be roughened or proas to grip the cement poured into upperchainvided with extensions adjacent chamber a so ber, -Traction.is thenexerted on rods 6 and the assembly is finished-as already described.

. In the method of anchoring illustrated in Fig. 23; a bore cis made inthe usual way and a charge of explosive the-n tube 7& are loweredthereinto. When an explosion isproduced, the lower'end or tube 70spreads and a chamber corresponding to f in the various figures isformed. It sufiices then, to flow a liquid cement mixture through theinside of tube k to anchor the spreadendof the latter in the chamberformed by the explosiomto await hardening, to exert traction on the freeend of the tube 70 and to fill'the interstice c, k with cement asalready described, to complete the'anchoring operation. This method isespeciallyapplicable to foundationsjtobe anchored in gravel or the like;

It is the usual practice, in sinking foundaseries of metal anchoringelements 72 are anchored and sealed in position under tension as alreadydescribed in a position substantially normal to the mountain side andmaintain a concrete or other masonry support a under tension against thelatter. A waterconduit or other load may then be mounted on thehorizontal supporting surface of a.

The anchoring method shown in Fig. 25 is designed to provide a securefoundation on ground subject to slippage of subj acent strata S, S.Here, bores c are sunk to rock-bottom R not subject to slippage and rodsb are anchored and sealed in place under tension in the usual way. Afoundation or other masonrystructure a will thus be held securely inplace despite slippage of strata S, S.

The invention is not to be taken as limited to the methods or structuresshown in any particular figure; thus, any one of the anchoring methodsshown in Figs. 5 to 7 and 21 to 23 may be selected at will to anchormasonry structures of any form whatever; elements I) may be tubular, orof twisted or straight wire 7 element m may be screwed, welded, solderedor otherwise fixed on the proximal extremities of elements I); thedistal'extremities of elements I) may be sealed in place by means ofbitumen, asphalt or any other solidifiable substance instead of cement.

lVhat I claim is:

1. The method of anchoring a masonry structure comprising the steps ofconstructing a masonry mass, passing a metallic anchoring elementthrough said mass, fixing one end of said anchoring element rigidly inposition, submitting said anchoring element to a tractive force, andbonding said masonry mass and said anchoring element together along thegreater part of the length of the latter while said anchoring element isunder the action of said tractive force.

2. A masonry structure formed by passing an anchoring element through amasonry mass, fixing one end of said anchoring element rigidly in place,subjecting said anchoring element to a tractive force, bonding saidmasonry mass and anchoring element along the greater part of the lengthof the latter while said anchoring element is being subjected to thetractive force. 7

3. The method of anchoring a masonry structure comprising the steps ofconstructing a masonry mass having an opening therethrough, passing ananchoring element through said opening, rigidly cementing the distalextremity of said anchoringelement in position, exerting a tractiveforce on the anchoring element, and pouring a cement mixture into saidopening containing the anchoring element whlle the latter 1s undertension,

-' round comprising the steps of sinking a bore through said slidingground to rock bottom, cementing the distal end of a metallic anchoringelement in rock-bottom, submitting said anchoring element to tension andbonding said anchoring element while under tension in place in saidbore.

5. The method of anchoring a masonry mass on sloping ground comprisingthe steps of anchoring the distal extremities of a plurality of metallicanchoring elements in the earth so that the latter are substantiallynormal to the sloping ground, subjecting said anchoring elements totension, and bonding the anchoring elements in place while' still undertension.

6. In combination, a masonry mass, anchoring means composed of a bundleof tensioned piano cords traversing said masonry mass and bondedthereto, and means associated with said piano cords for maintaining saidcords under a tension sufficient to causethe cord to remain bonded tosaid masonry mass and to exert its anchoring effect with ed to saidmasonry mass and to exercise its reenforcing and anchoring effects withrepeated expansion and contraction of the masonry mass.

In testimony whereof I'afiix my signature. V ANDRE COYNE.

